{"id":46158,"date":"2025-06-17T14:44:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T11:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/?p=46158"},"modified":"2026-03-25T11:18:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:18:09","slug":"mida-peab-ettevotja-teadma-uuest-kollektiivhagide-seadusest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/et\/news-cases\/mida-peab-ettevotja-teadma-uuest-kollektiivhagide-seadusest\/","title":{"rendered":"Kristina Schotter ja Marie Mari Maasik: mida peab ettev\u00f5tja teadma uuest kollektiivhagide seadusest?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Artikkel ilmus 6. jaanuar 2025 Delfi \u00c4rileht portaalis<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Esimesel jaanuaril 2025 j\u00f5ustusid kollektiivseid esindushagisid v\u00f5imaldavad seadusemuudatused ehk nn kollektiivhagi seadus.<\/p>\n

Millega on tegu ja keda see puudutab?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kollektiivse esindushagi menetlust on v\u00f5imalik kasutada siis, kui ettev\u00f5tja poolne \u00f5igusnormide rikkumine on juba kahjustanud v\u00f5i v\u00f5ib kahjustada tarbijate kollektiivseid huve.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikeste n\u00f5uetega tarbijad ei j\u00f5ua tihti \u00fcksikult ettev\u00f5tja vastu kohtusse, kuid kui sarnaseid n\u00f5udeid on palju, v\u00f5idakse neid n\u00fc\u00fcd ka kollektiivselt menetleda. Uued seadusemuudatused v\u00f5imaldavad seda teha palju lihtsamalt.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kui \u00fcldjuhul saab iga isik p\u00f6\u00f6rduda kohtusse oma rikutud \u00f5iguste kaitseks, siis n\u00fc\u00fcd saab seda tarbijate asemel teha ka muu isik. Hageda saavad Tarbijakaitse ja Tehnilise J\u00e4relevalve Amet, Finantsinspektsioon, Andmekaitseinspektsioon ja vastavasse riiklikku nimekirja kantud p\u00e4dev isik. Kuid lisaks neile v\u00f5ib tarbijate eest kollektiivse esindushagi esitada ka muu juriidiline isik, kes vastab teatud tingimustele. N\u00e4iteks peavad sellisel juriidilisel isikul puuduma makseraskused, tuleb olla tarbijate huvide tagamisel s\u00f5ltumatu, ilma huvide konfliktita ja vaba ebakohastest m\u00f5jutustest.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Uute reeglite kohaldamisala ei ole piiratud kindlate ettev\u00f5tlussektoritega. N\u00f5udeid saab esitada ettev\u00f5tjate vastu k\u00f5igis valdkondades, kus v\u00f5idakse rikkuda kas tarbijate v\u00f5i isikuandmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisel andmesubjektide kollektiivseid \u00f5iguseid. Euroopa Komisjoni m\u00f5juanal\u00fc\u00fcsis on valdkondadeks, kus v\u00f5ib esineda rohkem erinevaid rikkumisi, nimetatud j\u00e4rgnevaid majandussektoreid: telekommunikatsioon, finantsteenused ja kindlustus, energeetika, turism ja reisijatevedu, kaugm\u00fc\u00fck, tervishoid ja tarbekaubad.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarbijad saavad hiljem otsustada, kas \u00fchineda menetlusega\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kohtusse saab esitada nii rikkumise tuvastamise, l\u00f5petamise ja edasisest rikkumisest hoidumise n\u00f5udeid (esimese etapi n\u00f5uded) kui ka juba konkreetseid lepingulisi n\u00f5udeid, sealhulgas ettev\u00f5tjalt tekitatud kahju v\u00e4ljam\u00f5istmiseks (teise etapi n\u00f5uded).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kohus menetlebki n\u00f5udeid kahes etapis. Kui esimese kohtulahendiga on ettev\u00f5tja rikkumine kindlaks tehtud, siis antakse sellest avalikult teada ja tarbijatel on v\u00e4hemalt kolm kuud aega otsustada, kas nad soovivad \u00fchineda teise etapi menetlusega ehk n\u00e4iteks saada rikkumise eest kahjuh\u00fcvitist.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Juhul, kui sellise kollektiivse esindushagi on esitanud juriidiline isik, v\u00f5idakse kollektiivhagiga \u00fchinemise eest k\u00fcsida tarbijalt s\u00fcmboolset tasu.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Menetlust v\u00f5ib rahastada ka menetlusv\u00e4line isik, kuid mitte konkurent<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

On selge, et kollektiivsed esindushagid saavad praktikas realiseeruda eelk\u00f5ige juhul, kui on olemas keegi, kes on n\u00f5us menetlusega kaasnevaid kulusid finantseerima. Vastuv\u00f5etud seadus lubab ka menetlusv\u00e4lise isiku poolt rahastamist, kuid seab sellele konkreetsed piirid.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Otses\u00f5nu on keelatud rahastada esindushagi oma konkurendi vastu v\u00f5i isiku vastu, kellest rahastaja s\u00f5ltub. Samuti peab rahastaja muul viisil v\u00e4ltima huvide konflikti ja tal on keelatud ebakohaselt m\u00f5jutada esindushagi esitajat v\u00f5i suunata esindushagi k\u00f5rvale kollektiivsete huvide kaitselt.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Seda, kust esindushagi esitaja rahastus on p\u00e4rit, hakkab igal \u00fcksikjuhul kontrollima ka kohus. Selleks tuleb kohtule esitada loetelu rahastamisallikatest. Kui see on vajalik \u00e4risaladuse v\u00f5i isikuandmete kaitseks, siis v\u00f5ib kohus seda infot hinnata nii, et vastaspooleks olevale ettev\u00f5tjale vastavat teavet ei avaldata.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kas hakkame ka Eesti kohtutes n\u00e4gema kollektiivseid esindushagisid?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka kollektiivse esindushagi menetluses kehtib \u00fcldine \u201ekaotaja maksab kulud\u201c p\u00f5him\u00f5te. Erisusena on aga ette n\u00e4htud, et kohtuvaidluse kaotuse korral ei pea tarbijad mitte \u00fchelgi juhul ettev\u00f5tja menetluskulusid kandma. Kaotuse korral maksab kulud isik, kes tarbijate eest kohtusse p\u00f6\u00f6rdus.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Riigi rahalist seisu arvestades on seet\u00f5ttu kaheldav, kas n\u00e4eme tulevikus (v\u00e4hemalt \u00fcleliia tihedalt) taoliste menetluste algatamist p\u00e4devate riigiasutuste poolt. Tarbijate n\u00f5uete menetlemine muu isiku poolt v\u00f5ib olla aga kulukas ning eeldab finantseerija leidmist.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Siiski, vastuv\u00f5etud seadus v\u00f5imaldab esitada kollektiivhagisid ka piiri\u00fcleselt. Paljudes riikides on selliste masshagide praktika juba pikaajaline. Seet\u00f5ttu ei saa v\u00e4listada, et n\u00e4emegi peatselt ka Eestis m\u00f5ne v\u00e4lismaise professionaalse esindushageja poolt esitatud kollektiivhagi m\u00f5ne Eesti ettev\u00f5tja vastu.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Artikkel ilmus 6. jaanuar 2025 Delfi \u00c4rileht portaalis   Esimesel jaanuaril 2025 j\u00f5ustusid kollektiivseid esindushagisid v\u00f5imaldavad seadusemuudatused ehk nn kollektiivhagi seadus. Millega on tegu ja keda see puudutab?\u00a0 Kollektiivse esindushagi menetlust on v\u00f5imalik kasutada siis, kui ettev\u00f5tja poolne \u00f5igusnormide rikkumine..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":46209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"country":[84],"class_list":["post-46158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-et","country-estonia-et"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKristina Schotter ja Marie Mari Maasik: mida peab ettev\u00f5tja teadma uuest kollektiivhagide seadusest? | COBALT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kristina Schotter ja Marie Mari Maasik: mida peab ettev\u00f5tja teadma uuest kollektiivhagide seadusest?. News. Naujienos. Jaunumi. 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