{"id":16564,"date":"2023-07-19T13:32:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T10:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.www.cobalt.legal\/?p=16564"},"modified":"2026-03-24T17:38:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:38:37","slug":"ransomware-atakos-ar-gali-imone-siekdama-atgauti-pavogtus-duomenis-uz-tai-buti-nubausta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/lt\/news-cases\/ransomware-atakos-ar-gali-imone-siekdama-atgauti-pavogtus-duomenis-uz-tai-buti-nubausta\/","title":{"rendered":"Ransomware atakos: ar gali \u012fmon\u0117, siekdama atgauti pavogtus duomenis, u\u017e tai b\u016bti nubausta?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tobul\u0117jant technologijoms nei\u0161vengiamai atsiranda ir naujo pob\u016bd\u017eio nusikaltimai. \u0160tai, pastaraisiais metais vis da\u017eniau girdime apie\u00a0ransomware\u00a0<\/em>atakas. Paprastai tariant \u2013 tai duomen\u0173 pagrobimas ir i\u0161pirkos u\u017e juos reikalavimas.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Naujo tipo nusikaltimai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ransomware<\/em>\u00a0gali sukelti rimtus nuostolius. Pavyzd\u017eiui, 2019 m. Baltimor\u0117 (JAV) patyr\u0117 atak\u0105, kurios metu buvo u\u017eblokuota miesto kompiuteri\u0173 sistema ir reikalaujama sumok\u0117ti 76\u00a0t\u016bkst. doleri\u0173 i\u0161pirk\u0105, kad miestas atgaut\u0173 prisijungimus prie sistem\u0173. Tai padaryti atsisakiusi miesto vald\u017eia patyr\u0117 ma\u017edaug 18 mln. doleri\u0173 i\u0161laid\u0173 atstatant prarastus duomenis.<\/p>\n

2021 m. toki\u0105 atak\u0105 patyr\u0117 maisto perdirbimo kompanija \u201eJBS USA Holdings\u201c ir tur\u0117jo sumok\u0117ti 11\u00a0mln. doleri\u0173 i\u0161pirk\u0105, kad atgaut\u0173 pri\u0117jim\u0105 prie savo duomen\u0173.<\/p>\n

2021 m. kompanija \u201eColonial Pipeline\u201c taip pat buvo priversta sumok\u0117ti 4.4 mln. doleri\u0173 i\u0161pirk\u0105.<\/p>\n

Lietuvoje Nacionalinis kibernetinio saugumo centras (NKSC) 2021 m. ataskaitoje nurod\u0117 2020\u20132021 m. gav\u0119s prane\u0161im\u0173 apie taikym\u0105si \u012f automobili\u0173 pardavimo salon\u0173 infrastrukt\u016br\u0105 ir ten \u012fvykusias\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atakas. Visos kibernetin\u0117s atakos susijusios su i\u0161pirkos reikalavimu.<\/p>\n

NKSC vertinimu, toki\u0173 kibernetini\u0173 atak\u0173 daug\u0117ja ir ateityje tikrai nema\u017e\u0117s. Viena i\u0161 prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173 ta, kad dalis organizacij\u0173 sutinka mok\u0117ti i\u0161pirk\u0105 kriptovaliuta, o tai nusikalt\u0117liams sudaro galimybes gauti greit\u0105 ir sunkiai atsekam\u0105 finansin\u0119 naud\u0105.<\/p>\n

Svarbiausia \u2013 prevencija<\/strong><\/p>\n

Svarbiausia ir pagrindin\u0117 apsauga nuo tokio pob\u016bd\u017eio veik\u0173 yra prevencija (bendro kibernetinio saugumo stiprinimas, legalios ir patikimos technin\u0117s \u012frangos ir program\u0173 naudojimas, antivirusini\u0173 program\u0173 naudojimas, atsargin\u0117s duomen\u0173 kopijos ir kt.).<\/p>\n

Su daug duomen\u0173 dirban\u010dios \u012fmon\u0117s tur\u0117t\u0173 apsvarstyti ir galimyb\u0119 pasinaudoti spar\u010diai populiar\u0117jan\u010diu kibernetini\u0173 rizik\u0173 draudimu, suteikian\u010diu apsaug\u0105 \u012fmon\u0117s duomenims. Tokiu b\u016bdu gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti bent i\u0161 dalies suma\u017einti d\u0117l\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atakos patirtini nuostoliai.<\/p>\n

Tokios atakos kelia pavoj\u0173 ir \u017emoni\u0173 gyvybei. Tad geriau tur\u0117ti ir\u00a0civilin\u0117s atsakomyb\u0117s draudim\u0105.\u00a0Tai \u012frodo\u00a0skaudus 2020 m. Vokietijos pavyzdys, kuomet moteris numir\u0117 d\u0117l to, kad nusikalt\u0117liai, reikalaudami i\u0161pirkos, apribojo pri\u0117jim\u0105 prie medicinini\u0173 duomen\u0173 ir jai laiku negal\u0117jo b\u016bti atlikta operacija.<\/p>\n

Beje, prie\u0161 draud\u017eiantis, reik\u0117t\u0173 i\u0161analizuoti civilin\u0117s atsakomyb\u0117s draudimo s\u0105lygas. \u0160tai, Merilando (JAV) apylink\u0117s teisme nagrin\u0117ta byla, kurioje draudimo kompanija atsisak\u0117 mok\u0117ti draudimo i\u0161mok\u0105, nes kompiuteri\u0173 sistemos nebuvo fizi\u0161kai sugadintos. Tiesa, teismas su bendrove nesutiko ir pasak\u0117, kad draudimas turi apimti \u017eal\u0105 programinei \u012frangai, kuri d\u0117l atakos nustojo veikti.<\/p>\n

Vadovo atsakomyb\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

Taip pat verta\u00a0pasitvirtinti vidinius teis\u0117s aktus, susijusius su kibernetini\u0173 atak\u0173 valdymu, kad b\u016bt\u0173 ai\u0161ku, kas k\u0105 turi daryti prasid\u0117jus atakai. Vie\u0161ai skelbiamose rekomendacijose netgi si\u016bloma vidiniuose teis\u0117s aktuose pasitvirtinti i\u0161pirkos mok\u0117jimo galimyb\u0119 bei proced\u016br\u0105 kaip vien\u0105 i\u0161 variant\u0173 patyrus\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atak\u0105. Ir si\u016bloma kuo i\u0161samiau apsibr\u0117\u017eti kada, kokiomis s\u0105lygomis gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti priimamas sprendimas sumok\u0117ti ar nemok\u0117ti i\u0161pirkos.<\/p>\n

Be visa ko, tai leist\u0173 gintis \u012fmon\u0117s vadovui, jeigu kilt\u0173 gin\u010das tarp jo ir akcinink\u0173 d\u0117l sprendimo sumok\u0117ti i\u0161pirk\u0105. Vadovo veiksm\u0173 teis\u0117tumas tokiu atveju gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti grind\u017eiamas ne tik bendr\u0173j\u0173 fiduciarini\u0173 pareig\u0173 (elgtis s\u0105\u017einingai ir protingai, b\u016bti lojaliam bendrovei ir laikytis konfidencialumo, vengti interes\u0173 konflikto ir nenaudoti bendrov\u0117s turto savo asmeninei naudai) vykdymu, bet ir tuo, kad buvo veikiama taip, kaip \u012ftvirtinta \u012fmones vidiniuose teis\u0117s aktuose.<\/p>\n

Ar verta mok\u0117ti i\u0161pirk\u0105?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160is klausimas paprastai reikalauja labai operatyvaus atsakymo, ir jis bet kuriuo atveju kainuoja brangiai. Bendroji vyraujanti rekomendacija yra i\u0161pirkos nemok\u0117ti. Ta\u010diau situacijos b\u016bna labai skirtingos.<\/p>\n

Pirmiausia, i\u0161pirkos sumok\u0117jimas yra ai\u0161kus signalas nusikalt\u0117liams, kad \u012fmon\u0117 pinig\u0173 turi ir juos atiduoda, o programi\u0161i\u0173 nusikalstami veiksmai veikia ir atsiperka.<\/p>\n

Antra, i\u0161pirkos sumok\u0117jimas negarantuoja duomen\u0173 atgavimo. Gav\u0119 i\u0161pirk\u0105 nusikalt\u0117liai gali \u201edingti\u201c, arba gr\u0105\u017einti tik dal\u012f duomen\u0173, o u\u017e likusius reikalauti tolesni\u0173 mok\u0117jim\u0173.<\/p>\n

Tre\u010dia, i\u0161pirkos sumok\u0117jimas skatina nusikalt\u0117lius neapleisti tokio veiklos modelio ir toliau \u0161anta\u017euoti \u012fmones.<\/p>\n

I\u0161vada paprasta: i\u0161pirkos sumok\u0117jimas da\u017eniausiai atne\u0161a daugiau \u017ealos, negu naudos. Deja, yra pavyzd\u017ei\u0173, kai principinga pozicija sukelia skausming\u0173 padarini\u0173.<\/p>\n

Be jau min\u0117t\u0173 pavyzd\u017ei\u0173, gana da\u017eni atvejai, kuomet nuo\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atak\u0173 nuken\u010dia ne tik tiesioginiai \u201etaikiniai\u201c, bet ir tretieji asmenys.<\/p>\n

Lietuvoje bene ry\u0161kiausias ir garsiausiai nuskamb\u0117j\u0119s to pavyzdys \u2013 \u201eGro\u017eio chirurgijos\u201c pacient\u0173 asmens duomen\u0173 vagyst\u0117 bei reikalavimas sumok\u0117ti apie 300-350 t\u016bkst. Eur (konvertavus i\u0161 bitkoin\u0173) i\u0161pirk\u0105. \u0160iuo atveju \u012fmon\u0117 pasielg\u0117 pagal rekomendacijas \u2013 pasirinko nemok\u0117ti ir kreip\u0117si \u012f teis\u0117saug\u0105. Nepaisant to, dalis priva\u010di\u0173 asmen\u0173 duomen\u0173 buvo pavie\u0161inti. \u012emonei suduotas gana skausmingas sm\u016bgis. Po vis\u0173 nemalonum\u0173, \u201eGro\u017eio chirurgija\u201c baig\u0117 veikl\u0105 Kaune, o Vilniuje j\u0105 nutar\u0117 t\u0119sti kitu prek\u0117s \u017eenklu.<\/p>\n

I\u0161pirk\u0105 mok\u0117ti atsisak\u0117 ir Suomijos psichin\u0117s sveikatos klinik\u0173 tinklas \u201eVastaamo\u201c, i\u0161 kurio nusikalt\u0117liai reikalavo 40 bitkoin\u0173 (tuo metu \u2013 ma\u017edaug 450\u00a0t\u016bkst. Eur). \u012emon\u0117s pacient\u0173 duomenys buvo pavie\u0161inti, o bendrov\u0117 2021 m. prad\u017eioje paskelb\u0117 apie bankrot\u0105.<\/p>\n

Sprend\u017eiant i\u0161pirkos dilem\u0105, svarbu labai gerai pasverti visas galimas pasekmes. \u012evertinti, kas bendrovei naudingiau, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f finansinius ir reputacijos nuostolius, asmens duomen\u0173 apsaugos klausimus, galimus nukent\u0117jusi\u0173 asmen\u0173 ie\u0161kinius ir kitas rizikas. Jeigu \u012fmon\u0117je veikia kolegial\u016bs valdymo organai, sprendim\u0105 si\u016blytina i\u0161samiai svarstyti ir priimin\u0117ti kolegialiai, o ne vienasmeni\u0161kai.<\/p>\n

Tai aktualu situacijose, kuomet\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atakos metu yra pagrobiami jautr\u016bs \u012fmon\u0117s klient\u0173 ar vartotoj\u0173 duomenys. J\u0173 praradimas gali lemti ne tik sankcijas d\u0117l netinkamo duomen\u0173 tvarkymo, ta\u010diau ir nukent\u0117jusi\u0173 asmen\u0173 reikalavimus atlyginti padaryt\u0105 \u017eal\u0105.<\/p>\n

Bet kokiu atveju, patyrus\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atak\u0105 rekomenduojama veikti nedelsiant. Pirma, kreiptis \u012f teis\u0117saugos institucijas. Antra, \u012fmon\u0117s viduje sudaryti komand\u0105 situacijai spr\u0119sti. Tre\u010dia, pasitelkti teisinius patar\u0117jus, kurie pad\u0117t\u0173 \u012fvertinti galin\u010dias kilti teisines pasekmes, galim\u0173 rizik\u0173 ir \u017eal\u0173 pob\u016bd\u012f bei mast\u0105, pasiruo\u0161ti \u012fvairiems scenarijams ir juos valdyti.<\/p>\n

Ar mok\u0117ti i\u0161pirk\u0105 draud\u017eiama?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lietuvoje i\u0161pirkos mok\u0117jimas savaime n\u0117ra neteis\u0117tas veiksmas. Teis\u0117s aktai nenumato u\u017e tai jokios atsakomyb\u0117s \u012fmonei. Pana\u0161i situacija yra ir kitose \u0161alyse.<\/p>\n

JAV Federalinis tyrim\u0173 biuras (FTB) pateikia tik rekomendacij\u0105 i\u0161pirkos nemok\u0117ti. Ta\u010diau sako, kad draudimo to daryti nereikia. Nes tai \u012fstumt\u0173 \u012fmones \u012f dar blogesn\u0119 pad\u0117t\u012f. Jos es\u0105 tokiu atveju likt\u0173 vienos tvarkytis su u\u017epuolikais ir vengt\u0173 kreiptis pagalbos \u012f teis\u0117saug\u0105.<\/p>\n

Visgi, spr\u0119sdamos dilem\u0105 \u201emok\u0117ti ar nemok\u0117ti\u201c, dalis JAV valstij\u0173 i\u0161leido teis\u0117s aktus, kurie draud\u017eia i\u0161pirkas mok\u0117ti vald\u017eios institucijoms. Pirmoji 2022 m. baland\u017eio 5 d. tai padar\u0117 \u0160iaur\u0117s Karolina. Tok\u012f pat\u012f teis\u0117s akt\u0105 netrukus pri\u0117m\u0117 ir Pensilvanija. Tik\u0117tina, kad \u0161iuo pavyzd\u017eiu seks ir kitos, rodydamos tvirt\u0105 pozicij\u0105 nesider\u0117ti su nusikalt\u0117liais.<\/p>\n

Verslo atveju i\u0161pirkos mok\u0117jimo neteis\u0117tum\u0105 galima \u012ftvirtinti \u012fmon\u0117s vidaus teis\u0117s aktuose. Nors tai nelemt\u0173 jos teisin\u0117s atsakomyb\u0117s bendr\u0105ja prasme, tokiu b\u016bdu verslas gal\u0117t\u0173 nusistatyti vidin\u0119 tvark\u0105 ir i\u0161ankstin\u0119 pozicij\u0105\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atak\u0173 atveju.<\/p>\n

Ar \u012fmon\u0117 gali b\u016bti nubausta u\u017e i\u0161pirkos sumok\u0117jim\u0105?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tiesiogiai \u2013 ne. Ta\u010diau i\u0161pirkos reikalavimas yra neteis\u0117tas veiksmas. Tod\u0117l su tuo susid\u016brusi \u012fmon\u0117 tur\u0117t\u0173 nedelsdama kreiptis \u012f teis\u0117saugos institucijas. I\u0161 pirmo \u017evilgsnio toks veiksmas gali atrodyti beprasmis, kadangi\u00a0ransomware<\/em>\u00a0atak\u0173 organizatoriai yra sunkiai susekami. Ta\u010diau pats kreipimosi pagalbos faktas rodo nukent\u0117jusios bendrov\u0117s ketinim\u0105 problem\u0105 spr\u0119sti teis\u0117tomis priemon\u0117mis. Toks veiksmas taip pat gali b\u016bti naudingas sprend\u017eiant d\u0117l vadovo atsakomyb\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Be to, b\u016btina \u012fvertinti ir kitas rizikas.\u00a0Pavyzd\u017eiui,\u00a0i\u0161pirkos reikalaujantys nusikalt\u0117liai gali b\u016bti susij\u0119 su teroristin\u0117mis organizacijomis ar asmenimis, kuriems taikomos sankcijos. Tokiu atveju i\u0161pirkos mok\u0117jimas gali sukelti \u012ftarim\u0173 prie\u017ei\u016bros institucijoms ir u\u017etraukti atsakomyb\u0119 mok\u0117tojui pagal Pinig\u0173 plovimo ir terorist\u0173 finansavimo prevencijos \u012fstatym\u0105.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tobul\u0117jant technologijoms nei\u0161vengiamai atsiranda ir naujo pob\u016bd\u017eio nusikaltimai. \u0160tai, pastaraisiais metais vis da\u017eniau girdime apie\u00a0ransomware\u00a0atakas. Paprastai tariant \u2013 tai duomen\u0173 pagrobimas ir i\u0161pirkos u\u017e juos reikalavimas. Naujo tipo nusikaltimai Ransomware\u00a0gali sukelti rimtus nuostolius. Pavyzd\u017eiui, 2019 m. Baltimor\u0117 (JAV) patyr\u0117 atak\u0105,..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":26889,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"country":[92],"class_list":["post-16564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lt","country-lithuania-lt"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRansomware atakos: ar gali \u012fmon\u0117, siekdama atgauti pavogtus duomenis, u\u017e tai b\u016bti nubausta? | COBALT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ransomware atakos: ar gali \u012fmon\u0117, siekdama atgauti pavogtus duomenis, u\u017e tai b\u016bti nubausta?. News. Naujienos. Jaunumi. 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