{"id":17668,"date":"2023-07-22T12:27:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T09:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.www.cobalt.legal\/?p=17668"},"modified":"2026-01-16T20:10:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T18:10:00","slug":"organizuojate-kroviniu-gabenima-jums-neturi-buti-taikoma-vezejo-atsakomybe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/lt\/news-cases\/organizuojate-kroviniu-gabenima-jums-neturi-buti-taikoma-vezejo-atsakomybe\/","title":{"rendered":"Organizuojate krovini\u0173 gabenim\u0105? Jums neturi b\u016bti taikoma ve\u017e\u0117jo atsakomyb\u0117"},"content":{"rendered":"

Krovini\u0173 ve\u017eimo ir ekspedijavimo sutartys yra civilin\u0117s sutartys, kuriose \u0161alys sutaria d\u0117l teisi\u0173 ir pareig\u0173 vykdant krovini\u0173 perve\u017eim\u0105 arba j\u0173 perve\u017eimo organizavim\u0105. \u0160ios sutartys savo objektu, tikslu ir kitais aspektais yra skirtingos ir turi atskir\u0105 reguliavim\u0105. Ta\u010diau j\u0173 s\u0105lygos neretai b\u016bna pana\u0161ios, d\u0117l ko ekspedijavimo sutartis gali b\u016bti pripa\u017e\u012fstama ve\u017eimo arba mi\u0161ria sutartimi. O tai lemia ir padidint\u0105 ekspeditoriaus atsakomyb\u0119. Siekiant i\u0161vengti toki\u0173 situacij\u0173, svarbu \u017einoti, kuo \u0161ios sutartys skiriasi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Krovini\u0173 ve\u017eimo sutartimi ve\u017e\u0117jas \u012fsipareigoja siunt\u0117jo jam perduot\u0105 krovin\u012f nugabenti \u012f paskirties punkt\u0105 ir perduoti j\u012f gav\u0117jui. O siunt\u0117jas ir (arba) gav\u0117jas \u012fsipareigoja u\u017e tai sumok\u0117ti. Taigi, \u0161ios sutarties tikslas yra krovinio pristatymas \u012f paskirties viet\u0105 ir atlygio u\u017e tai gavimas. Pagrindinis tarptautinis teis\u0117s aktas, reguliuojantis u\u017esakovo bei ve\u017e\u0117jo teis\u0117s ir pareigas, j\u0173 atsakomyb\u0119, kai kroviniai gabenami keliais per dvi ar daugiau valstybi\u0173, yra tarptautinio krovini\u0173 ve\u017eimo keliais sutarties konvencija (CMR konvencija).<\/p>\n

Tuo metu krovini\u0173 ekspedicijos sutartimi ekspeditorius \u012fsipareigoja u\u017e atlyginim\u0105, u\u017esakovo l\u0117\u0161omis teikti arba organizuoti sutartyje numatytas paslaugas, susijusias su krovini\u0173 ve\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

Krovini\u0173 ekspedijavimas gali apimti \u012fvairius veiksmus, susijusius su krovini\u0173 gabenimu. Pavyzd\u017eiui, ve\u017eimo dokument\u0173 \u012fforminim\u0105, mokes\u010di\u0173 apskai\u010diavim\u0105 ir sumok\u0117jim\u0105, ve\u017eimo sutar\u010di\u0173 u\u017esakovo vardu sudarym\u0105, krovini\u0173 gabenimo kontrol\u0119, atsiskaitym\u0105 su krovinio siunt\u0117ju, gav\u0117ju ir kitais asmenimis, krovini\u0173 draudimo organizavim\u0105 ir kita. Taigi, ekspeditorius vykdo \u012fvairius su kroviniu susijusius veiksmus, ta\u010diau pats krovinio negabena.<\/p>\n

Svarb\u016bs sutarties punktai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lietuvos teism\u0173 praktikoje neretai pasitaiko atvej\u0173, kai reikia nustatyti, kokia tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti ekspeditoriaus atsakomyb\u0117 pagal su u\u017esakovu sudaryt\u0105 sutart\u012f. Ai\u0161kinant ir vertinant ekspedijavimo sutar\u010di\u0173 s\u0105lygas, jos neretai b\u016bna perkvalifikuojama \u012f ve\u017eimo arba mi\u0161ri\u0105 sutart\u012f. Tod\u0117l kyla klausimas, kaip i\u0161vengti tokios situacijos?<\/p>\n

Pirmiausia, reikia \u012fvertinti sutarties dalyk\u0105 \u2013 ekspeditoriaus vaidmen\u012f. Sutartyje tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti ai\u0161kiai nurodyta, kad ekspeditorius tik organizuoja gabenim\u0105. Jei n\u0117ra tokios nuostatos, paliekama vieta abejon\u0117ms ir suteikiama galimyb\u0117 kitai \u0161aliai gin\u010dyti, jog tai buvo ne ekspedijavimo sutartis, o mi\u0161ri arba ve\u017eimo.<\/p>\n

Pa\u017eym\u0117tina, kad jeigu asmuo (nepaisant to, ar sutartyje nurodytas kaip ve\u017e\u0117jas ar ekspeditorius) sudaro sutart\u012f ir \u012fsipareigoja perve\u017eti krovin\u012f \u012f paskirties viet\u0105, bet ve\u017ea ne pats, o paveda tai daryti tre\u010diajam asmeniui, jis vis tiek yra ve\u017e\u0117jas. Toks ai\u0161kinimas taikomas netgi tuo atveju, kai ekspeditorius prisiima atsakomyb\u0119 u\u017e vis\u0105 perve\u017eimo organizavim\u0105, ta\u010diau n\u0117ra atskiro nurodymo, kad jis tik ekspedijuoja krovin\u012f. Tod\u0117l jeigu i\u0161 sutarties ai\u0161kiai matyti, kad \u0161alis \u012fsipareigoja perve\u017eti krovin\u012f, ji laikoma ve\u017e\u0117ju ir atsako kaip krovinio ve\u017e\u0117jas nepriklausomai nuo to, kad fakti\u0161kai krovin\u012f ve\u017e\u0117 kitas asmuo, kurio paslaugas organizavo ekspeditorius.<\/p>\n

Reik\u0117t\u0173 atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f ir \u012f u\u017emokes\u010dio skai\u010diavim\u0105. Jeigu sutartyje nurodoma, kad u\u017emokestis skai\u010diuojamas pagal krovinio dyd\u012f (pavyzd\u017eiui, pale\u010di\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173), tai suteikia galimyb\u0119 toki\u0105 sutart\u012f kvalifikuoti kaip ve\u017eimo sutart\u012f arba mi\u0161ri\u0105. Tod\u0117l patartina, kad ekspedijavimo sutartyje nustatytas u\u017emokestis neb\u016bt\u0173 siejamas su krovinio dyd\u017eiu, svoriu, matmenimis ir pan.<\/p>\n

Kaip i\u0161vengti abejoni\u0173<\/strong><\/p>\n

Galiausiai reikia \u012fvertinti ir sutartyje \u012ftvirtint\u0105 ekspeditoriaus atsakomyb\u0119. Nagrin\u0117jant teisminius gin\u010dus neretai pasitaiko situacij\u0173, kad sutartyje ekspeditorius prisiima atsakomyb\u0119 u\u017e krovinio perve\u017eim\u0105. Tai leid\u017eia spr\u0119sti, kad tokia sutartis yra ne krovini\u0173 ekspedijavimo, o ve\u017eimo. Krovini\u0173 ekspedijavimo sutartyje ekspeditoriaus atsakomyb\u0117 tur\u0117t\u0173 apsiriboti nuostoli\u0173, kilusi\u0173 i\u0161 krovinio ve\u017eimo organizavimo.<\/p>\n

Vertinant tai, galima i\u0161skirti tokius ve\u017eimo ir ekspedicijos sutar\u010di\u0173 pagrindinius skirtumus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Netapatus sutarties dalykas. Ve\u017eimo sutarties dalykas yra krovinio gabenimas, o ekspedijavimo sutarties \u2013 krovinio ve\u017eimo organizavimas ir kiti su tuo susij\u0119 veiksmai;<\/li>\n
  2. Skirtingas sutarties tikslas. Ve\u017eimo sutarties tikslas yra krovinio gabenimas, o ekspedijavimo \u2013gabenimo proceso u\u017etikrinimas;<\/li>\n
  3. Skirtingos sutarties \u0161alys. Ve\u017eimo sutarties \u0161alys gali b\u016bti u\u017esakovas, gav\u0117jas ir ve\u017e\u0117jas. Kai perve\u017eime dalyvauja daugiau negu vienas ve\u017e\u0117jas, tuomet u\u017esakovas ir ve\u017e\u0117jas gali sutapti. Krovini\u0173 ekspedijavimo sutarties \u0161alys yra u\u017esakovas, ekspeditorius, ve\u017e\u0117jas ir gav\u0117jas. Priklausomai nuo individualios sutarties s\u0105lyg\u0173 u\u017esakovas ir gav\u0117jas sutartyje gali sutapti. Ta\u010diau jeigu ekspeditorius, kaip sutarties \u0161alis, sutapt\u0173 su ve\u017e\u0117ju, tokiu atveju ekspedijavimo sutartis b\u016bt\u0173 laikoma ve\u017eimo sutartimi arba mi\u0161ria sutartimi;<\/li>\n
  4. Atsakomyb\u0117s apimtis. Remiantis Lietuvos civilinio kodekso ir CMR konvencijos nuostatomis, ve\u017eimo sutarties atveju ve\u017e\u0117jas prisiima atsakomyb\u0119 u\u017e krovinio sugadinim\u0105 ar praradim\u0105 nuo pat krovinio pri\u0117mimo iki jo pristatymo. O ekspeditoriaus atsakomyb\u0117 kyla u\u017e krovini\u0173 ekspedicijos sutarties ne\u012fvykdym\u0105 ar netinkam\u0105 \u012fvykdym\u0105. Pa\u017eym\u0117tina, kad jeigu sudarytoje krovini\u0173 ekspedijavimo sutartyje \u012ftvirtinta, kad \u0161alis yra atsakinga u\u017e krovinio ve\u017eim\u0105, sutartis bus kvalifikuojama kaip ve\u017eimo sutartis, o ekspeditoriui bus taikoma ve\u017e\u0117jui nustatyta atsakomyb\u0117.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Taigi, tinkamai apibr\u0117\u017eus sutarties s\u0105lygas yra i\u0161vengiama abejoni\u0173 d\u0117l sutarties tipo ir ja prisiimam\u0173 \u012fsipareigojim\u0173, kas gali sukelti ir skirting\u0105 atsakomyb\u0117s dyd\u012f prie\u0161 kit\u0105 sutarties \u0161al\u012f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Krovini\u0173 ve\u017eimo ir ekspedijavimo sutartys yra civilin\u0117s sutartys, kuriose \u0161alys sutaria d\u0117l teisi\u0173 ir pareig\u0173 vykdant krovini\u0173 perve\u017eim\u0105 arba j\u0173 perve\u017eimo organizavim\u0105. \u0160ios sutartys savo objektu, tikslu ir kitais aspektais yra skirtingos ir turi atskir\u0105 reguliavim\u0105. Ta\u010diau j\u0173 s\u0105lygos neretai..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"country":[92],"class_list":["post-17668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lt","country-lithuania-lt"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOrganizuojate krovini\u0173 gabenim\u0105? 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