{"id":27712,"date":"2023-10-08T22:59:07","date_gmt":"2023-10-08T19:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.www.cobalt.legal\/?p=27712"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:54:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T09:54:03","slug":"darbo-gincai-neisvengiamybe-ar-zinote-kaip-juos-spresti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/lt\/news-cases\/darbo-gincai-neisvengiamybe-ar-zinote-kaip-juos-spresti\/","title":{"rendered":"Darbo gin\u010dai \u2013 nei\u0161vengiamyb\u0117. Ar \u017einote kaip juos spr\u0119sti?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ten, kur egzistuoja darbo santykiai \u2013 visuomet kyla gin\u010dai, konfliktai. Tai yra nei\u0161vengiamas \u0161i\u0173 santyki\u0173 elementas.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nesprend\u017eiami konfliktai darbe gali i\u0161sipl\u0117toti, sukurti nemaloni\u0105 darbo atmosfer\u0105, kur b\u016bt\u0173 ne\u012fmanoma ne tik efektyviai dirbti, bet netgi ir b\u016bti ten. Prie\u0161ingai, i\u0161spr\u0119sti gin\u010dai gali pagerinti darbdavio ir darbuotojo santykius, tarpusavio supratim\u0105, bendr\u0105 atmosfer\u0105 darboviet\u0117je ir, be abejo, sutaupyti laik\u0105, pinigus, apsaugoti nuo bereikalingos \u012ftampos. \u012esigaliojus naujajam Darbo kodeksui, pasikeit\u0117 darbuotoj\u0173 ir darbdavio gin\u010d\u0173 nagrin\u0117jimo tvarka, kuria siekiama pigiau ir efektyviau i\u0161spr\u0119sti kilusius nesutarimus.<\/p>\n

Kokius l\u016bkes\u010dius turi darbo gin\u010do \u0161alys \u2013 darbuotojas ir darbdavys?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Akivaizdu, kad tiek darbuotojas, tiek ir darbdavys tikisi (nekalbant apie piktybinius atvejus), kad j\u0173 tarpusavio gin\u010dai b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161spr\u0119sti kaip \u012fmanoma grei\u010diau. Situacijoje, kai gin\u010das d\u0117l atleidimo i\u0161 darbo t\u0119siasi kelerius metus, suinteresuotas b\u016bna tik darbuotojas, siekiantis prisiteisti i\u0161 buvusio darbdavio kuo didesnes i\u0161mokas.<\/p>\n

Iki \u0161i\u0173 met\u0173 liepos m\u0117nesio galioj\u0119s Darbo kodeksas niekaip neribojo darbdavio i\u0161mok\u0173 dyd\u017eio tuo atveju, kai buvo nustatoma, kad darbdavys neteis\u0117tai nutrauk\u0117 darbo sutart\u012f su darbuotoju. Tuo tarpu darbdavys suinteresuotas kuo ma\u017eesn\u0117mis savo atstov\u0173 laiko s\u0105naudomis, tuo pa\u010diu ma\u017eesn\u0117mis i\u0161mokomis ir siekia kuo grei\u010diau u\u017eversti nemalon\u0173 gin\u010do etap\u0105 bei visk\u0105 prad\u0117ti i\u0161 naujo.<\/p>\n

Be abejon\u0117s, abi darbo gin\u010do \u0161alys siekia, kad j\u0173 gin\u010das b\u016bt\u0173 i\u0161spr\u0119stas kuo pigiau, efektyviau ir teisingiau. Ne k\u0105 ma\u017eiau svarbu, kad gin\u010do detal\u0117s nei\u0161lyst\u0173 \u012f vie\u0161um\u0105, t.y. kad apie gin\u010d\u0105 \u017einot\u0173 tik jo \u0161alys ir tie, kas j\u012f sprend\u017eia. Kai nagrin\u0117jamas gin\u010das, kuriame svarstomos dabdavio komercini\u0173 paslap\u010di\u0173 atskleidimo klausimas, darbdavys jau ir taip jau\u010diasi nepelnytai nukent\u0117j\u0119s, o jeigu dar jautriausia informacija apie jo veikl\u0105 pateks \u012f \u017einiasklaid\u0105?<\/p>\n

Nauja gin\u010d\u0173 nagrin\u0117jimo tvarka \u2013 ar mok\u0117sime pigiau?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Nuo \u0161iol Lietuvoje darbo gin\u010dai yra nagrin\u0117jami darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisijoje, teisme ar komerciniame arbitra\u017ee. Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisija \u2013 tai ikiteisminio darbo gin\u010d\u0173 nagrin\u0117jimo institucija, \u012f kuri\u0105 kreiptis yra privaloma kilus individualiems darbo gin\u010dams.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisija nagrin\u0117ja darbuotoj\u0173 ir darbdavi\u0173 gin\u010dus, kurie gali kilti d\u0117l \u012fvairi\u0173 prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip: \u0161ali\u0173 susitarimo ar kit\u0173 darbo teis\u0117s nuostat\u0173 nevykdymo ar vienai i\u0161 \u0161ali\u0173 piktnaud\u017eiaujant savo teis\u0117mis ir pan. Naujuoju Darbo kodeksu \u012fstatym\u0173 leid\u0117jas prapl\u0117t\u0117 darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisijos kompetencij\u0105 priskirdamas jai gin\u010dus, kylan\u010dius i\u0161 darbuotojo darbo sutarties nutraukimo, darbuotojo nu\u0161alinimo, nekonkuravimo susitarim\u0173, neturtin\u0117s \u017ealos priteisimo. Anks\u010diau parei\u0161kimai \u0161iais klausimais buvo teikiami tiesiogiai teismui.<\/p>\n

Darbo santyki\u0173 \u0161alys, nepatenkintos Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisijos sprendimais, tur\u0117s kreiptis pirmiausia \u012f pirmos instancijos teism\u0105, savo ruo\u017etu nepatenkintos jo sprendimu \u2013 \u012f apeliacin\u0117s ir kasacin\u0117s instancijos teismus.<\/p>\n

Ar naujoji tvarka pateisins darbo gin\u010do \u0161ali\u0173 l\u016bkest\u012f i\u0161nagrin\u0117ti gin\u010d\u0105 per \u012fmanomai trumpiausi\u0105 laik\u0105? Ir taip, ir ne. Naujasis Darbo kodeksas nustato labai grie\u017etus gin\u010do nagrin\u0117jimo terminus Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisijose \u2013 jos privalo i\u0161nagrin\u0117ti gin\u010d\u0105 per vien\u0105 m\u0117nes\u012f. Jeigu \u0161alys liks patenkintos komisij\u0173 sprendimais ir neu\u017esuks teism\u0173 karusel\u0117s, j\u0173 laikas bus sutaupytas, o jei ne \u2013 laikas gali \u017eymiai prasit\u0119sti.<\/p>\n

Be to, naujasis Darbo kodeksas apribojo i\u0161mok\u0173, kuri\u0173 neteis\u0117tai atleistas darbuotojas gali tik\u0117tis i\u0161 darbdavio, dyd\u012f. Taigi, darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisijai, teismui ar arbitra\u017eui nusprendus, kad darbuotojas buvo atleistas ar nu\u0161alintas nuo pareig\u0173 nesivadovaujant teis\u0117s aktais ir gera valia, priima sprendim\u0105 sugr\u0105\u017einti darbuotoj\u0105 ir priteisia jam vidutin\u012f darbo u\u017emokest\u012f u\u017e darbdavio sukeltos priverstin\u0117s pravaik\u0161tos laik\u0105, bet ne daugiau kaip u\u017e vienerius metus.<\/p>\n

Taip pat priteisia patirtos turtin\u0117s ir neturtin\u0117s \u017ealos atlyginim\u0105 tuo atveju, kai darbuotojas gr\u012f\u017eta kit\u0105 dien\u0105 po sprendimo \u012fsigaliojimo. Jei d\u0117l objektyvi\u0173 prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173 (ekonomini\u0173, technologini\u0173, organizacini\u0173 ar kt.) darbuotojas negali b\u016bti sugr\u0105\u017eintas \u012f darb\u0105, jis turi teis\u0119 \u012f kompensacij\u0105 po vien\u0105 vidutin\u012f darbuotojo darbo u\u017emokest\u012f u\u017e kiekvienus dvejus darbo santyki\u0173 metus, ta\u010diau \u0161ios kompensacijos dydis negali vir\u0161yti \u0161e\u0161i\u0173 vidutini\u0173 darbuotojo darbo u\u017emokes\u010di\u0173.<\/p>\n

Nekyla joki\u0173 abejoni\u0173, kad pagal nauj\u0105j\u0105 tvark\u0105 darbo gin\u010dai, jei jie neper\u017eengs Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0173 sien\u0173, bus nagrin\u0117jami pigiai \u2013 nei valstybei, nei komisijai gin\u010do \u0161alys nieko nemok\u0117s, komisija i\u0161 pralaim\u0117jusios \u0161alies nepriteis joki\u0173 bylin\u0117jimosi i\u0161laid\u0173. Ta\u010diau negalima dr\u0105siai teigti, kad darbo gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimo tvarka, kai \u0161alys visais atvejais privalo kreiptis \u012f Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0105, patenkins l\u016bkes\u010dius i\u0161spr\u0119sti gin\u010d\u0105 efektyviai ir svarbiausia \u2013 teisingai.<\/p>\n

Ar efektyviai ir teisingai sprend\u017eiamas gin\u010das, daug priklauso nuo Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0173 nari\u0173 profesionalumo, j\u0173 gyvenimi\u0161kos ir profesin\u0117s patirties, puosel\u0117jam\u0173 vertybi\u0173, charakterio bei dorovini\u0173 savybi\u0173, gal\u0173 gale \u2013 nuo pasirengimo tokioms pareigoms.<\/p>\n

Nors naujasis Darbo kodeksas \u012fpareigoja komisij\u0173 pirmininkus, kurie yra Valstybin\u0117s darbo inspekcijos valstyb\u0117s tarnautojai, tur\u0117ti auk\u0161t\u0105j\u012f universitetin\u012f auk\u0161t\u0105j\u012f i\u0161silavinim\u0105, vien tik teisinis i\u0161silavinimas negarantuoja efektyvaus ir auk\u0161\u010diausius profesionalumo standartus atitinkan\u010dio darbo kokyb\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Daug klausim\u0173 kelia ir paslapties \u0161ydas, gaubiantis Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0173 sprendimus. Neturint galimyb\u0117s susipa\u017einti su komisij\u0173 sprendimais tokiuose sud\u0117tinguose gin\u010duose, kaip darbuotoj\u0173 nekonkuravimo ar konfidencialios informacijos i\u0161saugojimo \u012fsipareigojim\u0173 pa\u017eeidimai, reikalavimai atlyginti darbdaviui padaryt\u0105 moralin\u0119 ir materialin\u0119 \u017eal\u0105 ir pan., ne\u012fmanoma tinkamai pasiruo\u0161ti pana\u0161i\u0173 gin\u010d\u0173 nagrin\u0117jimui, formuoti vieningos toki\u0173 gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimo praktikos ir gal\u0173 gale s\u0117kmingai u\u017ekirsti keli\u0105 tokiems gin\u010dams.<\/p>\n

Ne ma\u017eiau abejoni\u0173 kelia ir galimyb\u0117 i\u0161laikyti visas gin\u010do aplinkybes paslaptyje, sprend\u017eiant darbo gin\u010dus pagal nauj\u0105j\u0105 tvark\u0105.<\/p>\n

Ar darbo gin\u010dai komerciniame arbitra\u017ee bus sprend\u017eiami teisingiau ir bus i\u0161laikytas j\u0173 konfidencialumas?
\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u012esigalioj\u0119s Darbo kodeksas \u012ftvirtina, kad darbo gin\u010dai taip pat gali b\u016bti nagrin\u0117jami komerciniame arbitra\u017ee, jeigu d\u0117l tokio nagrin\u0117jimo buvo susitarta gin\u010do \u0161ali\u0173 v\u0117liau, negu kilo pats gin\u010das. Darbo kodeksas \u012fsakmiai nenurodo, kad prie\u0161 kreipiantis \u012f arbitra\u017e\u0105, gin\u010do \u0161alys negali apeiti Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0173.<\/p>\n

Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimas komerciniame arbitra\u017ee gali b\u016bti labai patraukli alternatyva Darbo gin\u010do komisijai, kur ne visuomet patenkinami teisingumo ir konfidencialumo l\u016bkes\u010diai, bei teismui, kur gin\u010dai nagrin\u0117jami ilgai. Ko gero, svarbiausias arbitra\u017eo ypatumas yra tas, kad pa\u010dios gin\u010do \u0161alys paskiria asmenis \u2013 arbitrus, spr\u0119sian\u010dius j\u0173 gin\u010d\u0105, pa\u010dios \u0161alys gali kelti reikalavimus j\u0173 profesijai ir asmenybei, taip pat jos pa\u010dios gali nustatyti tvark\u0105, pagal kuri\u0105 \u0161ali\u0173 paskirti asmenys spr\u0119s j\u0173 gin\u010d\u0105. Tod\u0117l i\u0161kilus ir jau \u012fsisi\u016bbavus sud\u0117tingiems gin\u010dams d\u0117l diskriminacijos, konfidencialumo, nekonkuravimo, neviliojimo ir pan., tikrai verta apsvarstyti variant\u0105 kreiptis \u012f komercin\u012f arbitra\u017e\u0105. \u017dinoma, tai nebus pigiausias gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimo b\u016bdas, bet yra vertyb\u0117s, tokios kaip teisingumas, konfidencialumas ir pan., kurios neaukojamos d\u0117l pigumo.<\/p>\n

Estija skatina mediacij\u0105 darbo gin\u010duose<\/strong><\/h4>\n

2018 met\u0173 sausio 1 dien\u0105 Estijoje \u012fsigalios naujas darbo gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimo \u012fstatymas, kuris pristatys kit\u0105 darbo gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimo institucij\u0105, siekian\u010di\u0105 i\u0161nagrin\u0117ti gin\u010d\u0105 taikiai (mediacija). Remiantis \u0161iuo \u012fstatymu bus sudaryti komitetai, kuriuose dalyvaus darbuotoj\u0173 atstovai, darbdavi\u0173 atstovai bei darbo inspekcijos pareig\u016bnai.<\/p>\n

\u0160i\u0173 komitet\u0173 pagrindinis tikslas \u2013 greitai (per 2\u20133 m\u0117nesius) bei pigiai (be valstybin\u0117s rinkliavos) i\u0161spr\u0119sti kilus\u012f gin\u010d\u0105 tarp darbo santykio \u0161ali\u0173, Jau 2016 metais Estijoje tokie komitetai i\u0161sprend\u0117 2671 darbo gin\u010d\u0105, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 tik 446 buvo v\u0117liau i\u0161nagrin\u0117ti teisme. Skai\u010diai kalba patys u\u017e save. Gal mediacija netrukus taps darbo gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimo ateitimi ir Lietuvoje?<\/p>\n

Kaip nepramiegoti termin\u0173?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Labai svarbu nepraleisti naujame Darbo kodekse nustatyt\u0173 termin\u0173 kreiptis \u012f Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0105 ar teism\u0105. Darbuotojas, j\u0173 grup\u0117 ar darbdavys privalo kreiptis \u012f Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisij\u0105 per trij\u0173 m\u0117nesi\u0173 termin\u0105 nuo su\u017einojimo ar nuo tada, kai tur\u0117jo su\u017einoti apie savo teisi\u0173 pa\u017eeidim\u0105. Svarbu pamin\u0117ti, kad neteis\u0117to atleidimo ar nu\u0161alinimo atvejais \u0161is terminas trumpesnis \u2013 vienas m\u0117nuo nuo tada, kai asmuo su\u017einojo ar tur\u0117jo su\u017einoti apie jo teisi\u0173 pa\u017eeidim\u0105.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nesutinkant su komisijos sprendimu, pastarasis gali b\u016bti skund\u017eiamas teismui per vien\u0105 m\u0117nes\u012f nuo sprendimo pri\u0117mimo dienos. Taip pat kodeksas \u012ftvirtina teis\u0119 \u012f atnaujint\u0105 proced\u016brin\u012f termin\u0105, jeigu jis praleistas d\u0117l svarbi\u0173 prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173. Jeigu Darbo gin\u010d\u0173 komisija atsisako \u0161\u012f termin\u0105 atnaujinti, atsisakymas gali b\u016bti skund\u017eiamas teismui.<\/p>\n

Advokat\u0173 kontoros \u201eCOBALT\u201d darbo teis\u0117s praktikos grup\u0117s vadov\u0117 Dalia Foigt-Norvai\u0161ien\u0117<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ten, kur egzistuoja darbo santykiai \u2013 visuomet kyla gin\u010dai, konfliktai. Tai yra nei\u0161vengiamas \u0161i\u0173 santyki\u0173 elementas. Nesprend\u017eiami konfliktai darbe gali i\u0161sipl\u0117toti, sukurti nemaloni\u0105 darbo atmosfer\u0105, kur b\u016bt\u0173 ne\u012fmanoma ne tik efektyviai dirbti, bet netgi ir b\u016bti ten. Prie\u0161ingai, i\u0161spr\u0119sti gin\u010dai..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":27691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"country":[92],"class_list":["post-27712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lt","country-lithuania-lt"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDarbo gin\u010dai \u2013 nei\u0161vengiamyb\u0117. 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