{"id":39677,"date":"2024-09-24T10:54:35","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T07:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/?p=39677"},"modified":"2024-09-24T10:59:56","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T07:59:56","slug":"latvijas-skirejtiesu-regulejuma-reforma-caur-erkskiem-uz-zvaigznem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/lv\/news-cases\/latvijas-skirejtiesu-regulejuma-reforma-caur-erkskiem-uz-zvaigznem\/","title":{"rendered":"Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma reforma \u2013 caur \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem uz zvaigzn\u0113m?"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jums ir nepiln\u012bgs, un pirms asto\u0146iem gadiem pie\u0146emtais \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likums \u0161\u012bs nepiln\u012bbas nav nov\u0113rsis.”1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0T\u0101 pirms vair\u0101k nek\u0101 gada kop\u0101 ar kol\u0113\u0123iem ies\u0101k\u0101m rakstu ar nosaukumu “Nepiecie\u0161amie uzlabojumi Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jum\u0101”, kas tika public\u0113ts \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 “Jurista V\u0101rds”. Raksts tapa neilgi p\u0113c Satversmes tiesas 2023. gada 23. febru\u0101ra sprieduma liet\u0101 Nr. 2022-03-01, kur\u0101 tika atz\u012bts, ka Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas regul\u0113jums ir nepiln\u012bgs un neatbilst Satversmei. Lai ar\u012b Satversmes tiesas spriedums attiec\u0101s tikai uz \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma atcel\u0161anas meh\u0101nisma neesam\u012bbu Latvijas ties\u012bb\u0101s, taj\u0101 ietvertie secin\u0101jumi par Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas regul\u0113juma nepiln\u012bb\u0101m izgaismoja daudz pla\u0161\u0101ku, vair\u0101ku gadu garum\u0101 sas\u0101p\u0113ju\u0161os jaut\u0101jumu loku.<\/p>\n

Nevienam nav nosl\u0113pums, ka Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma att\u012bst\u012bbas ce\u013c\u0161 ir bijis \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem pilns. Lai ar\u012b l\u012bdz zvaigzn\u0113m v\u0113l t\u0101lu, 2024. gada 6. j\u016bnij\u0101 pie\u0146emtie groz\u012bjumi Civilprocesa likum\u0101 un \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likum\u0101 liecina, ka beidzot esam uz pareiz\u0101 ce\u013ca. M\u0113dz teikt, ka viss jaunais ir labi aizmirsts vecais. Ja raug\u0101mies uz Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas regul\u0113jumu un att\u012bst\u012bbu laika gait\u0101, gr\u016bti iedom\u0101ties v\u0113l tr\u0101p\u012bg\u0101ku parunu.<\/p>\n

T\u0101 vien \u0161\u0137iet, ka visas nedienas ar Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jumu s\u0101k\u0101s tikai p\u0113c neatkar\u012bbas atjauno\u0161anas. V\u0113l pirms Otr\u0101 pasaules kara s\u0101kuma gan Civ\u012blprocesa nolikums, gan jau v\u0113l\u0101k 1938. gada Civilprocesa likums paredz\u0113ja gan tam laikam, gan ar\u012b m\u016bsdienu standartiem un pras\u012bb\u0101m atbilsto\u0161u \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas regul\u0113jumu. 1938. gada Civilprocesa likuma 1518.\u20131521. pants regul\u0113ja \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas spriedumu apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas un atcel\u0161anas k\u0101rt\u012bbu. Likums paredz\u0113ja vair\u0101kus pamatus, saska\u0146\u0101 ar kuriem uz pr\u0101vnieku s\u016bdz\u012bb\u0101m \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas spriedumi atz\u012bstami par sp\u0113k\u0101 neeso\u0161iem un anul\u0113jamiem (1518. pants). T\u0101pat likums paredz\u0113ja vair\u0101kus pamatus, saska\u0146\u0101 ar kuriem valsts tiesas\u00a0ex officio<\/i>\u00a0var\u0113ja atz\u012bt \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas spriedumus par neeso\u0161iem (1519. pants). Par \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas spriedumu apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas b\u016btisko noz\u012bmi izv\u0113rsti rakst\u012bts ar\u012b t\u0101 laika juridiskaj\u0101\u00a0literat\u016br\u0101.2<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Prakse bija izveidojusies ar\u012b\u00a0Sen\u0101tam.3<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Turkl\u0101t valsts tiesu atbalsts bija pieejams, piem\u0113ram, ar\u012b starpnieku (\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesne\u0161u) iecel\u0161an\u0101 (1498. pants).<\/p>\n

Saprotams, ka padomju okup\u0101cijas laik\u0101 par \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu k\u0101 alternat\u012bvu str\u012bdu risin\u0101\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu un valsts uzraudz\u012bbu nebija iesp\u0113jams run\u0101t. P\u0113c neatkar\u012bbas atg\u016b\u0161anas, 1998. gada Civilprocesa likuma izstr\u0101des pa\u0161\u0101 s\u0101kum\u0101 1994. gad\u0101, tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ts moderns, tam laikam atbilsto\u0161s un uz Apvienoto N\u0101ciju Organiz\u0101cijas Starptautisko tirdzniec\u012bbas ties\u012bbu komisijas (UNCITRAL) 1985. gada 21. j\u016bnija Starptautisk\u0101s komerc\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas parauglikumu (turpm\u0101k \u2013 Parauglikums) balst\u012bts \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jums. Tom\u0113r v\u0113l\u0101k 1998. gada Civilprocesa likuma izstr\u0101des gait\u0101 virsroku diem\u017e\u0113l guva padomju okup\u0101cijas laik\u0101 valdo\u0161ie uzskati par \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesu un p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas maz\u0101ku valsts uzraudz\u012bbu p\u0101r to. Tas savuk\u0101rt rezult\u0113j\u0101s starptautiskai praksei neatbilsto\u0161\u0101 regul\u0113jum\u0101.<\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t likumdev\u0113ja nep\u0101rdom\u0101t\u0101 izv\u0113le, Civilprocesa likuma (pamata redakcij\u0101) 486. panta tre\u0161aj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 paredzot, ka past\u0101v\u012bgo \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu var izveidot jebkura juridiska persona, noveda pie nesam\u0113r\u012bgi augsta past\u0101v\u012bgo \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu skaita un no t\u0101 izrieto\u0161aj\u0101m negat\u012bvaj\u0101m sek\u0101m. Tie\u0161i augstais past\u0101v\u012bgo \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu skaits laika gait\u0101 ir ies\u0113jis bailes gan no tik nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s tiesu iesaistes \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas proces\u0101, gan no Parauglikumam atbilsto\u0161a regul\u0113juma pie\u0146em\u0161anas (kas \u0161\u0101du tiesu iesaisti paredz).<\/p>\n

Izpratne par valsts uzraudz\u012bbu \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas proces\u0101 un \u0161\u012bs uzraudz\u012bbas tv\u0113rumu ir main\u012bjusies ar\u012b Satversmes tiesai. Lai ar\u012b jau t\u0101laj\u0101 2005. gad\u0101 spriedum\u0101 liet\u0101 Nr. 2004-10-01 Satversmes tiesa izteica ba\u017eas par to, “vai nepiecie\u0161ams atteikties no pasaul\u0113 paz\u012bstama un pie\u0146emta \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu kontroles mode\u013ca” (9.1. punkts), un nor\u0101d\u012bja, ka “pasaul\u0113 akcept\u0113tajam \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas instit\u016btam Latvij\u0101 b\u016btu jo sevi\u0161\u0137i liela noz\u012bme” (10. punkts), vienlaikus tika atz\u012bts, ka “kontrole izpildu raksta izsnieg\u0161anas stadij\u0101 ir uzskat\u0101ma par pietiekamu l\u012bdzekli vismaz pamatties\u012bbu iev\u0113ro\u0161anas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai” (9.1. punkts).<\/p>\n

Sec\u012bgi 2007. un 2008. gad\u0101 sekoja neveiksm\u012bgi m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumi reanim\u0113t Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jumu. Tom\u0113r nesekm\u012bgi. Kad 2012. gad\u0101 ats\u0101k\u0101s diskusijas par nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu reform\u0113t \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jumu, darba grupa, kuras sast\u0101v\u0101 bija ar\u012b vair\u0101ki \u0161\u012b tematisk\u0101 numura autori, izstr\u0101d\u0101ja Parauglikumam atbilsto\u0161u \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likuma projektu. Tom\u0113r tas neguva atbalstu. T\u0101 viet\u0101 \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likums tika balst\u012bts uz 2007. un 2008. gada neveiksm\u012bgajiem projektiem, par kuru atbilst\u012bbu starptautiskiem \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu standartiem izteica \u0161aubas ar\u012b \u0101rvalstu\u00a0eksperti.4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Par valsts tiesu uzraudz\u012bbu un iesaisti \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas proces\u0101 \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likuma anot\u0101cij\u0101 skaidrots, ka visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s jurisdikcijas tiesu “iesaiste, piem\u0113ram, par pier\u0101d\u012bjumu ieg\u016b\u0161anu un nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu, \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesne\u0161u iecel\u0161anu, \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesnesim pieteikt\u0101 noraid\u012bjuma izlem\u0161anu” \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likum\u0101 netika paredz\u0113ta, aizbildinoties ar “visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s jurisdikcijas tiesu pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo noslodzi un lietu izskat\u012b\u0161anas termi\u0146iem”.5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Min\u0113to ieganstu visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s jurisdikcijas tiesu iesaistes neparedz\u0113\u0161anai \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likum\u0101 jau p\u0113c \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likuma pie\u0146em\u0161anas (bet pirms t\u0101 st\u0101\u0161an\u0101s sp\u0113k\u0101) spriedum\u0101 liet\u0101 Nr. 2014-09-1 par nepamatotu atzina Satversmes tiesa, nor\u0101dot, ka arguments par visp\u0101r\u0113jas jurisdikcijas tiesu noslodzi “pats par sevi nevar kalpot par pamatojumu tam, lai personai pamatties\u012bbas tiktu at\u0146emtas p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas. Proti, likumdev\u0113ja izraudz\u012btais m\u0113r\u0137is \u2013 mazin\u0101t visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s jurisdikcijas tiesu noslodzi un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di pa\u0101trin\u0101t citus tiesved\u012bbas procesus \u2013 nedr\u012bkst apdraud\u0113t t\u0101du personas pamatties\u012bbu aizsardz\u012bbu, no kur\u0101m t\u0101 nav labpr\u0101t\u012bgi atteikusies. Izskat\u0101maj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101, kad saduras nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba sekm\u0113t tiesved\u012bbas procesa \u0101trumu ar nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu aizsarg\u0101t personai b\u016btiskas ties\u012bbas, tie\u0161i personai b\u016btisko ties\u012bbu aizsardz\u012bbai ir pie\u0161\u0137irama priek\u0161roka” (20.2.1. punkts). Turkl\u0101t, atz\u012bstot, ka “starptautiski akcept\u0113tajam \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas instit\u016btam Latvij\u0101 b\u016btu sevi\u0161\u0137i liela noz\u012bme”, Satversmes tiesa atk\u0101rtoti v\u0113rsa “Saeimas uzman\u012bbu uz nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu noteikt \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas pamatus un k\u0101rt\u012bbu” (22. punkts).<\/p>\n

Lai ar\u012b sekoja nelieli kosm\u0113tiski uzlabojumi, visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s jurisdikcijas ties\u0101m tagad skatot ar\u012b pieteikumus par \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas l\u012bguma atz\u012b\u0161anu par sp\u0113k\u0101 neeso\u0161u, tie v\u0113l joproj\u0101m bija tikai iel\u0101pi starptautiskiem standartiem kopum\u0101 neatbilsto\u0161am \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jumam. Turkl\u0101t, neskatoties uz atk\u0101rtoto Satversmes tiesas aicin\u0101jumu, likumdev\u0113js jau atkal ner\u012bkoj\u0101s un \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas pamati un k\u0101rt\u012bba Latvijas ties\u012bb\u0101s t\u0101 ar\u012b netika noteikti.<\/p>\n

2022. gada s\u0101kum\u0101 \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nisma neesam\u012bba tika apstr\u012bd\u0113ta Satversmes ties\u0101. 2023. gada 23. febru\u0101r\u012b Satversmes tiesa tais\u012bja spriedumu liet\u0101 Nr. 2022-03-01 un citstarp secin\u0101ja, ka “situ\u0101cij\u0101, kur\u0101 Satversmes tiesa jau iepriek\u0161 v\u0113rsusi likumdev\u0113ja uzman\u012bbu uz \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas tiesisk\u0101 regul\u0113juma tr\u016bkumiem, likumdev\u0113jam ilgsto\u0161i neievie\u0161ot efekt\u012bvu \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas meh\u0101nismu, tiek mazin\u0101ta sabiedr\u012bbas uztic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ne tikai \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jties\u0101m, bet ar\u012b pa\u0161ai valstij un ties\u012bb\u0101m” (14.2. punkts).<\/p>\n

Secinot, ka Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas regul\u0113jums ir nepiln\u012bgs un neatbilsto\u0161s Satversmei, liet\u0101 apstr\u012bd\u0113t\u0101s normas tika atz\u012btas par sp\u0113k\u0101 neeso\u0161\u0101m no 2024. gada 1. marta, likumdev\u0113jam dodot laiku tiesisk\u0101 regul\u0113juma izstr\u0101dei.<\/p>\n

Dr\u012bz p\u0113c Satversmes tiesas sprieduma pie\u0146em\u0161anas ar tieslietu ministres 2023. gada 24. apr\u012b\u013ca r\u012bkojumu Nr. 1-1\/77 “Par darba grupas izveidi Satversmes tiesas 2023. gada 23. febru\u0101ra sprieduma liet\u0101 Nr. 2022-03-01 izpildei” tika izveidota darba grupa nepiecie\u0161amo groz\u012bjumu izstr\u0101dei. Darba grupas sast\u0101v\u0101 citstarp bija Latvijas Tirdzniec\u012bbas un r\u016bpniec\u012bbas kameras, Finan\u0161u nozares asoci\u0101cijas, Latvijas Universit\u0101tes Juridisk\u0101s fakult\u0101tes, Latvijas Zv\u0113rin\u0101tu advok\u0101tu padomes, \u0100rvalsts investoru padomes un tiesu p\u0101rst\u0101vji.<\/p>\n

Liels prieks, ka jau vien\u0101 no pirmaj\u0101m darba grupas san\u0101ksm\u0113m darba grupas locek\u013cu starp\u0101 vald\u012bja vienpr\u0101t\u012bba, ka \u0161is br\u012bdis ir j\u0101izmanto, lai Latvijas ties\u012bbu sist\u0113m\u0101 ieviestu ne tikai \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas sprieduma apstr\u012bd\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nismu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di izpildot Satversmes tiesas spriedumu, bet ar\u012b citus jau sen nepiecie\u0161amus uzlabojumus, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tuvinot Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jumu Parauglikum\u0101 noteiktajiem, starptautiski atz\u012btajiem standartiem.<\/p>\n

Vair\u0101ki Tieslietu ministrijas darba grupas locek\u013ci ir ar\u012b \u0161\u012b tematisk\u0101 numura rakstu autori. Lai ar\u012b katrs maz\u0101kais \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma uzlabojums kol\u0113\u0123u rakstos netiks iztirz\u0101ts, esmu priec\u012bgs, ka pla\u0161ais autoru loks sniegs izv\u0113rstu ieskatu b\u016btisk\u0101kaj\u0101s regul\u0113juma izmai\u0146\u0101s. Liels paldies \u017eurn\u0101la “Jurista V\u0101rds” redakcijai par aicin\u0101jumu b\u016bt \u0161\u012b tematisk\u0101 numura viesredaktoram. No sirds ceru, ka kol\u0113\u0123u rakstos sniegtie skaidrojumi pal\u012bdz\u0113s lab\u0101k piem\u0113rot jaunos noteikumus praks\u0113, veidojot vienveid\u012bgu un uz starptautiskiem standartiem un to izpratni balst\u012btu tiesu praksi.<\/p>\n

Atsauce uz \u017eurn\u0101lu: Kr\u016bmi\u0146\u0161 T. Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma reforma \u2013 caur \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem uz zvaigzn\u0113m?. Jurista V\u0101rds, 24.09.2024., Nr. 39 (1357), 6.-7.lpp.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jums ir nepiln\u012bgs, un pirms asto\u0146iem gadiem pie\u0146emtais \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likums \u0161\u012bs nepiln\u012bbas nav nov\u0113rsis.”1\u00a0T\u0101 pirms vair\u0101k nek\u0101 gada kop\u0101 ar kol\u0113\u0123iem ies\u0101k\u0101m rakstu ar nosaukumu “Nepiecie\u0161amie uzlabojumi Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113jum\u0101”, kas tika public\u0113ts \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 “Jurista V\u0101rds”. Raksts tapa..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":39679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"country":[96],"class_list":["post-39677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-lv","country-latvia-lv"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLatvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma reforma \u2013 caur \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem uz zvaigzn\u0113m? | COBALT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nevienam nav nosl\u0113pums, ka Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma att\u012bst\u012bbas ce\u013c\u0161 ir bijis \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem pilns. Lai ar\u012b l\u012bdz zvaigzn\u0113m v\u0113l t\u0101lu, 2024. gada 6. j\u016bnij\u0101 pie\u0146emtie groz\u012bjumi Civilprocesa likum\u0101 un \u0160\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu likum\u0101 liecina, ka beidzot esam uz pareiz\u0101 ce\u013ca. M\u0113dz teikt, ka viss jaunais ir labi aizmirsts vecais. Ja raug\u0101mies uz Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesas procesa uzraudz\u012bbas regul\u0113jumu un att\u012bst\u012bbu laika gait\u0101, gr\u016bti iedom\u0101ties v\u0113l tr\u0101p\u012bg\u0101ku parunu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cobalt.legal\/lv\/news-cases\/latvijas-skirejtiesu-regulejuma-reforma-caur-erkskiem-uz-zvaigznem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lv_LV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma reforma \u2013 caur \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem uz zvaigzn\u0113m? | COBALT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nevienam nav nosl\u0113pums, ka Latvijas \u0161\u0137\u012br\u0113jtiesu regul\u0113juma att\u012bst\u012bbas ce\u013c\u0161 ir bijis \u0113rk\u0161\u0137iem pilns. 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